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Research

Sensors in the Soil

This research investigates how greenhouse gases leave agricultural soils under different drainage conditions. A modified open-water flume containing six tons of soil allows for precise control of groundwater flow and GHG emissions. By varying wetting-drying cycles, fertilizer use, and drainage depths, the study examines how these factors influence emissions. The findings will inform sustainable drainage and climate strategies to reduce agriculture’s environmental impact.

Corn residue management for greater yield and environmental performance

Retaining crop residue has traditionally been essential for maintaining soil health, but increasing corn yields have led to excessive residue accumulation. This can degrade soil conditions, increase tillage intensity, and raise fertilizer requirements. This study evaluates whether harvesting a portion of corn residue can replace tillage, improve yields, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and nitrate leaching.

Nitrogen 2.0

Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in corn systems requires a two-step approach. First, improving corn genetics through increased cold tolerance and reduced nitrogen allocation to grain can enhance nutrient utilization. Second, adjusting management practices such as earlier planting and lower nitrogen rates can further optimize nitrogen use. This approach aims to improve cropping system performance by increasing yields while reducing environmental nitrogen losses.

Polymer coated urea and its effect on nitrogen use efficiency

Optimizing fertilizer use can improve corn yields while reducing input costs. Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers may better synchronize nitrogen availability with plant uptake, minimizing nitrogen loss and improving profitability. This project evaluates polymer-coated urea, uncoated urea, and anhydrous ammonia to determine the most effective nitrogen source for maximizing efficiency and return on investment.

Exploring Yield Decline in High-Nitrogen Environments: Unveiling the Hidden Costs of Over-Fertilization

Nitrogen response trials worldwide indicate that while increasing nitrogen rates can boost corn yield, the benefits diminish as rates approach the optimum. Beyond this point, yield responses become unpredictable, with no further gains or even declines in productivity. This study explores how excessive nitrogen affects corn growth and development, focusing on the physiological and agronomic factors contributing to yield loss in high-nitrogen environments.

DrainSpace

Artificial drainage is one of the most widespread agricultural land improvements, benefiting crop production while also increasing nutrient losses to water resources. This research examines how different drainage depths and spacings influence nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield. The goal is to determine whether drainage can optimize nitrogen management while maintaining or improving crop performance.

Iowa Nitrogen Initiative

The Iowa Nitrogen Initiative is a private-public partnership dedicated to advancing nitrogen science for improved productivity, profitability, and environmental sustainability. By integrating research, on-farm trials, and industry collaboration, the initiative aims to provide farmers with data-driven nitrogen management solutions.